Paper 1 - 688 Words

Kaplan University Brian Wheeler CJ130: Introduction to Corrections Prof: Terry Campbell Unit 2 In this paper I’m going to describe how society’s response to crime impacts public policy, sentencing, practices, and correctional operations. Also an overview of the evolution of society’s views on crime and punishment. Along with need for crime and punishment. Fallowed up by the shift in sentencing laws and impact (prisons, Get Tough On Crime, present day). Fallowed up an emphasis on†¦show more content†¦For an example, the public has a fear of sex offenders. Policymakers will form or progress polices in treatment accommodations for those people to make the community feel safe. The media has a great deal in presenting ‘facts’ about situations. This gives off false information and makes society react based on this information rather than the truth. The need for crime and punishment will always be. The reason is if there is an easier way of getting one wants without working for it they will take any chances to obtain that item. Which means for example a person that needs money goes out and commits robbery. Which as we know this is a crime. Therefore you now need some form of punishment. Without punishment there would be no order in society which would be complete chaos. Remember the famous saying you do the crime, you do the time. (Price, 2014) The historical changes in sentencing and corrections policies and practices can be characterized, in part, by the emphasis on different goals. Four major goals are usually attributed to the sentencing process: retribution, rehabilitation, deterrence, and incapacitation. Although sentences frequently address several of these goals in practice, the emphasis on which goal is the highest priority has changed dramatically in the past 30 years. (Mackenzie, 2001) Society has a lot to do with this they are wanting to see certain offenders serve longer sentences than appointed by the justice system. For example a lot ofShow MoreRelatedPaper 11717 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Welcome to the Cornell Fine Arts Museum. Has anyone visited here before? Great! Well let me tell you a little bit about the museum. This is a teaching museum, which means our mission is to educate the community. We give tours from k-12 and adults. We have free admission for all, so you are always welcome to come back! We currently have 5,000 objects. We are the only museum in central Florida to hold antiquities and American art. For this exhibition, we have selectedRead MorePaper 1919 Words   |  4 PagesUnit 8 Project Courtney Cook June 12, 2010 Employment and Staffing Dr. Sherri Beasley Background checks are a useful tool for employers to determine the fit of a candidate to the organization. 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Plot of Playboy of Western World Free Essays

string(37) " he split to the knob of his gullet\." Plot Summary. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. It is an autumn evening along the Irish coast in County Mayo. We will write a custom essay sample on Plot of Playboy of Western World or any similar topic only for you Order Now Shawn Keough stops at Michael James Flaherty’s country pub to visit Flaherty’s daughter, Margaret, called Pegeen Mike by her family and friends. Keough, a fat young fellow devoid of wit or talent, means to marry pretty Pegeen, a spirited colleen of twenty who is minding the tavern in her father’s absence. But she entertains no fancy for Shawn. When he pesters her about the â€Å"good bargain† she would have in becoming his wife, she tells him to stop tormenting her while she is doing her job. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Her father enters with Philly Cullen and Jimmy Farrell. They are on their way to Kate Cassidy’s wake. Flaherty and his friends enjoy wakes, which are among the few lively activities in the Mayo countryside, and they generally stay for the whole night to watch the corpse while imbibing spiritous glee. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Pegeen is upset about having to tend the pub alone. After all, who knows what evildoer might steal in from the shadows to set upon her. She complains, â€Å"It’s a queer father’d be leaving me lonesome these twelve hours of dark, and I piling the turf [peat] with the dogs barking, and the calves mooing, and my own teeth rattling with the fear. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. When Flaherty suggests that Keough keep her company, Shawn begs off, saying he would incur the wrath of Father Reilly for staying alone with her the whole night. By and by, a slight young fellow named Christy Mahon stumbles in, tired and dirty, and asks for a glass of porter. When he inquires whether the police frequent the establishment, Michael Fla herty thinks he might be on the run. Flaherty and his friends question Christy. Did he commit larceny? Did he stalk a young girl? Did he fail to pay his rent? Is he a counterfeiter? Does he have three wives? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Christy, who speaks in a wee voice, says he is the son of a well-to-do farmer and therefore has no need of money. And, says he, he is a decent fellow who would never do wrong to a woman. When Flaherty and the others continue to pump Christy, Pegeen comes to his defense: â€Å"You did nothing at all. A soft lad the like of you wouldn’t slit the windpipe of a screeching sow. † But Christy balks at that observation, as if she had accused him of not being man enough to commit a crime. Then he reveals that he is indeed on the run, for he has killed his father, who was â€Å"getting old and crusty, the way I couldn’t put p with him at all. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Flaherty, intrigued, motions for Pegeen to refill Christy’s glass, then asks Christy how he did the deed. Christy says, â€Å"I just riz [raised] the loy [club] and let fall the edge of it on the ridge of his skull, and he went down at my feet like an empty sack, and never let a grunt or groan from hi m at all. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. After he buried him, he hit the road, walking for eleven days, â€Å"facing hog, dog, or divil. . . .† Jimmy Farrell praises him for his bravery, and Pegeen joins in: â€Å"It’s the truth they’re saying, and if I’d that lad in the house, I wouldn’t be fearing the . . . ut-throats, or the walking dead. † Christy Proud †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Christy swells with pride, and Flaherty offers him a job in the tavern. Keough objects, but Pegeen silences him. Christy, feeling safe and welcome, decides to stay at least for the night. Jimmy Farrell says, â€Å"Now, by the grace of God, herself [Pegeen] will be safe this night, with a man killed his father holding danger from the door, and let you come on, Michael James, or they’ll have the best stuff drunk at the wake. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. After Flaherty, Farrell, and Philly Cullen leave, Shawn Keough—jealous—offers to stay with Pegeen, but she pushes him out the door and bolts it. Pegeen now has a brave man, a hero, to protect her, and she and Christy warm to each other, exchanging compliments about their looks and other qualities. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Meanwhile, the Widow Quin, a woman of about thirty, stops by after hearing from Keough about Pegeen’s visitor. Widow Quin is locally famous for reportedly having murdered her husband. Eyeing Christy, she says, â€Å"Well, aren’t you a little smiling fellow? It should have been great and bitter torments did rouse your spirits to a deed of blood. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. She wants to take Christy with her to her place. Pegeen tells Christy that the widow killed her husband â€Å"with a worn pick, and the rusted poison did corrode his blood the way he never overed [got over] it, and died after. That was a sneaky kind of murder did win small glory with the boys itself. † Mrs. Quin retorts that a woman who has buried her children and murdered her husband is a better match for Christy than a girl the like of Pegeen. But Pegeen fends her off, for she is determined to keep Christy for herself. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. In the morning, three village girls—Sara Tansey, Susan Brady, and Honor Blake—come by the tavern with gifts for the brave man that killed his father. Sara has duck eggs, Susan has butter, and Honor has cake. Widow Quin enters after them, saying she has registered Christy in a local athletic competition featuring racing, leaping, and pitching. At the women’s prompting, Christy tells his murder story. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. He first points out that his father tried to make him marry the Widow Casey, a 45-year-old â€Å"walking terror† who weighed 205 pounds, had a bad leg and a blind eye, pursued both young and old men, and suckled him after he was born. When he refused to marry her, his father swung at him with his scythe. â€Å"I gave a lep to the east,† says Christy. Then I turned around with my back to the north, and I hit a blow on the ridge of his skull, laid him stretched out, and he split to the knob of his gullet. You read "Plot of Playboy of Western World" in category "Essay examples" † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Pegeen comes in, well knowing what the women are up to, and chases them off. Later, Shawn Keough comes back, followed by Widow Quin, to tell Pegeen some of her sheep have strayed into a neighbor’s field to eat cabbage. While Pegeen runs off to fetch the sheep, Keough offers Christy a new hat and coat, as well as breeches and ticket to the western states, if he will just go away so that Shawn can resume courting Pegeen. The widow butts in, telling Christy to try the clothes on. He can decide later, she says, whether to accept Keough’s offer. When Christy goes into another room to try them on, Keough tells the widow he thinks that Christy is just dressing up for Pegeen and has no intention to leave. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The widow then offers Shawn a bargain of her own: Shawn must give her his red cow, a ram, the right-of-way across his rye path, and a load of dung at Michaelmas. Shawn not only agrees to her demands but also says he will throw in a wedding ring, a suit for Christy for the wedding day, and various wedding gifts, including two goats for the wedding dinner. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. After Christy comes back out wearing the new clothes, Shawn leaves so the widow can go to work on Christy. But Christy, spying a fearsome sight coming toward the pub, hides behind a door. It is his father, still alive! After old Mahon enters the pub, he asks Mrs. Quin whether she has seen a young man on the run. She tells him hundreds pass by each day to catch the Sligo boat, then asks why he is looking for him. Mahon says, â€Å"I want to destroy him for breaking the head on me with the clout of a loy. (He takes off a big hat, and shows his head in a mass of bandages and plaster, with some pride. It was he did that, and amn’t I a great wonder to think I’ve traced him ten days with that rent in my crown? † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The villain, he says, is his own son. When the widow—who is able to see Christy behind the door—questions old Mahon about his son, Mahon says his son is a good-for-nothing lout who is afraid of women, gets drunk on the mere smell o f liquor, and once required medical treatment for drawing on a pipe of tobacco. He’s â€Å"dark and dirty,† says the old man, â€Å"an ugly young blackguard. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Widow Quin tells him she did see such a young man on his way to catch a steamer. She then gives him directions that send him on a wild-goose chase. After old Mahon leaves, the widow scolds Christy, mildly, for pretending to be the Playboy of the Western World. Then she invites him to marry her and live in her house, where she will protect him from inquiries about whether he committed murder. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Outside, young ladies are calling for Christy. They want to escort him to the sporting competitions. Christy, meanwhile, tells the widow he has his heart set on Pegeen. He would be forever in the widow’s debt if she helped him win Pegeen. The widow says she will if he promises to give her a ram, a load of dung at Michaelmas, and a right-of-way across land. Christy promises to do so. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Later in the day, Jimmy and Philly return from the wake, both tipsy, and enter the tavern. They speculate about how Christy killed his father and buried him, wondering what will happen if someone discovers the old man’s bones. While they are talking, Old Mahon comes in and sits at a table, for he has had no luck finding Christy. Continuing his conversation with Philly, Jimmy says that when he was a boy he found the bones of a man in a graveyard and tried to put them together like a puzzle. What a sight those bones were, Jimmy says—one would never again find the like of them. Overhearing that part of the conversation, old Mahon gets up and shows them his skull, saying, â€Å"Tell me where and when there was another the like of it. † He tells them it was his own son who struck him. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. They are impressed—but unaware that Mahon is Christy’s father. The window Quin comes in again, aghast to see old Mahon. He tells her he had no luck tracking down his son. Mrs. Quin gives him a drink and seats him out of earshot of the others. Then she tells Jimmy and Philly that old Mahon is daft. It was a tinker who split his skull, she says, but the old Man—upon hearing about the local hero, Christy—claims it was Christy who did it. They believe her. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Cheering is heard. Everyone in the tavern looks out the window and sees Christy winning the mule race. When the spectators raise him onto their shoulders, old Mahon identifies him as his good-for-nothing son. Widow Quin pronounces Mahon mad for thinking so, for how could his son—if he is the fool that Mahon says he is—be such a great sportsman and win the admiration of so many people? Mahon admits he has not been himself lately: â€Å"There was one time I seen ten scarlet divils letting on they’d cork my spirit in a gallon can; and one time I seen rats as big as badgers sucking the life blood from the butt of my lug. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The widow tells him he’d best leave, for the lads in the crowd don’t take kindly to madmen. When he goes on his way, Philly goes with him, saying he will give the old fellow some supper and a place to rest, then check to see if he is as mad as the widow says. Meanwhile, with the continuing cheers of the crowd following him, Christy enters the tavern in his jockey’s uniform with Pegeen and other girls. The people present him prizes, including bagpipes and a fiddle. Christy, riding the glory of the moment, asks Pegeen to marry him, and she consents. Michael Flaherty Returns †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Michael Flaherty returns then from the wake and congratulates Christy for his great victory in the race. When Pegeen tells him she plans to marry Christy, her father at first objects. But moments later, when Shawn Keough is afraid to fight Christy for Pegeen, old Flaherty renounces Keough as a coward and welcomes Christy as his daughter’s future husband. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Then old Mahon returns with a club, reveals himself as Christy’s father, and begins beating Christy. The crowd then turns on Christy for posing as a murderer. Even Pegeen condemns him, saying, â€Å"And to think of the coaxing glory we had given him, and he after doing nothing but hitting a soft blow and chasing northward in a sweat of fear. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Christy has only one option—to kill his father again. The two men fight. Christy grabs the club and chases Old Mahon outside. In the center of the crowd, Christy brings down the club. There is a cry, then dead silence. Christy returns to the tavern in a daze. This time the crowd, having witnessed a real murder close up, is horrified at the deed. Pegeen says: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. â€Å"I’ll say, a strange man is a marvel, with his mighty talk; but what’s a squabble in your back-yard, and the blow of a loy, have taught me that there’s a great gap between a gallous story and a dirty deed. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. After the people tie Christy up, he asks Pegeen to release him, but she refuses. Then they burn his leg with sod. A moment later, though, old Mahon—wonder of wonders—comes back from the dead one more time. When he asks Christy why he is tied up, Christy says, â€Å"They’re taking me to the peelers [police] to have me hanged for slaying you. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Old Mahon, who now admires his son for his bravery, unties him and says, â€Å"My son and myself will be going our own way, and we’ll have great times from this out telling stories of the villainy of Mayo, and the fools is here. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Christy willingly goes along but declares that henceforth he will be master of the house. He is a changed man—confident now, self-assured. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Shawn Keough declares that a miracle has been worked in his favor. Now, he says, he can marry Pegeen. She boxes his ears and tells him to go away. Then, throwing a shawl over her head and weeping, she says, â€Å"Oh my grief, I’ve lost him surely. I’ve lost the only Playboy of the Western World. † . Theme: Escaping a Humdrum and Suffocating Life †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Christy Mahon acts to change his life—first by cracking his father’s skull and second by telling a grand tale that endears him to his listeners. Neither action, of course, is how a young man in the real world should go about improving himself. But The Playboy of the Western World takes place in a fanciful world that allows the author to do the implausible and the outrageous. So Christy describes himself as the most admirable of murderers to the rural folk of County Mayo. Ironically, though, Christy really does transform himself in response to the adulation heaped on him. However, his admirers—people hungry for diversion from their humdrum life—do not change; the closest they get to an exciting life is to drink, listen to exciting stories, or attach themselves to a hero, Christy, from the outside. After he returns home, they return to their monotonous life. Climax . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The climax of a play or another literary work, such as a short story or a novel, can be defined as (1) the turning point at which the conflict begins to resolve itself for better or worse, or as (2) the final and most exciting event in a series of events. The climax of The Playboy of the Western World occurs when the local residents discover that Christy’s father is still alive. According to the second definition, the climax occurs when Christy â€Å"kills† his father a second time but reconciles with him after the old man recovers. . Synge’s Style †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Synge was a master at writing lively dialogue laced with exaggeration and colorful imagery. In The Playboy of the Western World, he infuses the speech of his characters with the rich English-language dialect of the Mayo County Irish, a dialect influenced by the syntax and vocabulary of Gaelic—an ancient Celtic tongue of Ireland and Scotland. To learn the intonations and speech patterns of the people of western Ireland, Synge lived several years in the Aran Islands off the Atlantic coast, in Galway Bay. Gaelic and Gaelic-tinged English have been spoken there for centuries. It was not uncommon for Synge to take notes when he heard Aran denizens speaking. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. When writing the dialogue for Playboy, Synge laced it with authentic western-Irish regionalisms and vulgarisms, as well as inflections and rhythms characteristic of western-Irish speech. However, he also peppered the dialogue with words or phrases common in other parts of Ireland. Synge explained his writing scheme in the preface to the play. The preface says, in part: In writing The Playboy of the Western World, as in my other plays, I have used one or two words only that I have not heard among the country people of Ireland, or spoken in my own nursery before I could read the newspapers. A certain number of the phrases I employ I have heard also from herds and fishermen along the coast from Kerry to Mayo, or from beggar-women and balladsingers nearer Dublin; and I am glad to acknowledge how much I owe to the folk imagination of these fine people. Anyone who has lived in real intimacy with the Irish peasantry will know that the wildest sayings and ideas in this play are tame indeed, compared with the fancies one may hear in any little hillside cabin in Geesala, or Carraroe, or Dingle Bay. All art is a collaboration; and there is little doubt that in the happy ages of literature, striking and beautiful phrases were as ready to the story-teller’s or the playwright’s hand, as the rich cloaks and dresses of his time. It is probable that when the Elizabethan dramatist took his ink-horn and sat down to his work he used many phrases that he had just heard, as he sat at dinner, from his mother or his children. In Ireland, those of us who know the people have the same privilege. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. As to the imagery, it relies heavily on vivid metaphors and hyperboles. For example, when Michael Flaherty asks Christy Mahon whether he has committed larceny, Christy replies that he has no need to stoop to thievery, for his father â€Å"could have bought up the whole of your old house a while since, from the butt of his tailpocket, and not have missed the weight of it gone. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Most of the humor in the play grows out of the dialogue—but not all of it. Synge also relies on situation comedy for humorous effect—having a character hide behind a door or barge in unexpectedly. Old man Mahon pulls off the ultimate surprise—coming back from the dead. In making the transition from one conversation to the next, Synge demonstrates superlative writing skill. Never do the transitions seem forced or contrived; instead, one conversation flows smoothly into the next. The trick is that Synge steers the dialogue in one conversation toward a subject of interest to a person who initiates a new conversation. The theatergoer or reader hardly notices that the author has been tugging at his marionette strings. How to cite Plot of Playboy of Western World, Essay examples

Media Violence and Its Effect On Kids Essay Example For Students

Media Violence and Its Effect On Kids Essay Media Violence and the Effects It Has On Children The media clearly has an impact on our lives and especially the young, impressionable and weak-minded people in our society. Children become desensitized to violence when they see it everyday on TV, in theaters and even in video games. They are not becoming properly aquatinted with what is real, what is not, and the effects of it all. Even TV news deadens anyones perception of reality. People of all ages especially those who are at an impressionable time in their lives, need to know that murder, death and violence are real and that sadness comes with all of these. The American media is the most violent in the world. Children in America are more likely to be shot than in any other country (AAP Committee on Communications, 1997; Derksen Strasburger, 1997). With over 1000 studies supporting the causal connection between media violence and aggressive behavior in some children, we know the more life-like the violence depicted the more likely it will be learned. Yet 66% of childrens programs contain violence and one third have nine or more violent portrayals in each episode. Much of the violence is presented as humorous and less than half of the violent interactions show the victims experiencing any signs of pain (Clarke-Pearson, 1997). Violence on television is frequent, inconsequential, effective, and rewarded. The heroes even use it as often as the villains do. Violence ends confrontation quickly and effectively, without a need for patience, negotiation, and compromise. Moreover, violence is an acceptable method to solve conflicts on television. Rarely are real-life consequences or the lingering psychological and physical effects of violence shown (Sege Dietz, 1997). Children, especially young children, do not know that actions portrayed on television, in the movies, and in video games are fantasy (AAP Committee on Communications, 1997; Sege Dietz, 1997; Spivak Harvey, 1998). Constant exposure to the repeated depiction of violence on television also leads to blunt emotional reactions of the viewers. Such desensitization can lead to both hardened attitudes about violence directed at others and decreased interest in taking action on behalf of a victim of violence (Clarke-Pearson, 1997). A well-known example of this bystander effect is the New York City Kitty Genovese incident (Sege Dietz, 1997). Exposure to television violence, both on fictional programs and news reports, makes the world seem like a frightening place and can lead to nightmare and sleep problems. Viewing violence can lead to children being afraid of becoming a victim of violence (Clarke-Pearson, 1997). It is likely that children who witness violence in their homes or communities are especially vulnerable to media influences, as each exposure validates the other and confirms the role violence plays in settling disputes (Augustyn, Parker, Groves, Zuckerman, 1998). There is little prosocial programming for children to consider alternative methods to violence and the consequences of violence (Sege Dietz, 1997; Spivak Harvey, 1998). In our society, television is the main source of news and information, and the main source of entertainment as well. More than 99 percent of U.S. households have at least one television set, and about two- thirds of them have two, three, or more sets (Nielsen 1998). As the number of TV sets in a household has increased, family viewing has declined, and individual program selection and solitary viewing have increased. Cable programming is found in 68 percent of households, greatly expanding the number of networks and independent stations that can be accessed. In the United States, 54 percent of children have a television set in their bedrooms. About 87 percent of U.S. households have a VCR, and about $10 billion is spent annually on video rentals, double the amount spent at movie theaters (Mediascope 1998). The average weekly viewing time has increased annually in American households, from 43 hours in the early seventies to 50 hours in the mid-nineties. In 1998, the average was 51 hours and 55 minutes per week (Nielsen 1998), which is close to 7 hours per day! Children spend an average of 28 hours a week watching TV. .u426ed93fa3ca390104e2f840dc07de57 , .u426ed93fa3ca390104e2f840dc07de57 .postImageUrl , .u426ed93fa3ca390104e2f840dc07de57 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u426ed93fa3ca390104e2f840dc07de57 , .u426ed93fa3ca390104e2f840dc07de57:hover , .u426ed93fa3ca390104e2f840dc07de57:visited , .u426ed93fa3ca390104e2f840dc07de57:active { border:0!important; } .u426ed93fa3ca390104e2f840dc07de57 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u426ed93fa3ca390104e2f840dc07de57 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u426ed93fa3ca390104e2f840dc07de57:active , .u426ed93fa3ca390104e2f840dc07de57:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u426ed93fa3ca390104e2f840dc07de57 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u426ed93fa3ca390104e2f840dc07de57 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u426ed93fa3ca390104e2f840dc07de57 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u426ed93fa3ca390104e2f840dc07de57 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u426ed93fa3ca390104e2f840dc07de57:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u426ed93fa3ca390104e2f840dc07de57 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u426ed93fa3ca390104e2f840dc07de57 .u426ed93fa3ca390104e2f840dc07de57-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u426ed93fa3ca390104e2f840dc07de57:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Brave New World - Aldous Huxley Essay During prime time (7 to 11 p.m.), about 7 million teenagers and 9 to 10 million preteens are .

PlatoSocrates Excellence in Virtue free essay sample

Excellence in Virtue introduction â€Å"Socrates’ positive influence touches us even today† (May 6) and we can learn a great deal about him from one of his students, Plato. It is in Plato’s report of Socrates’ trial a work entitled, Apology, and a friend’s visit to his jail cell while he is awaiting his death in Crito, that we discover a man like no other. Socrates was a man following a path he felt that the gods had wanted him to follow and made no excuses for his life and they way he lived it. The passage I have chosen from Plato’s Apology is the main passage to which Socrates believed in until his death and gave the basis for his life and they way he chose to live his life. It is this passage that makes clear all of Plato’s writings and perhaps why even in living his own life he chose emulate and follow Socrates and ultimately became one of his better-known students. We will write a custom essay sample on PlatoSocrates Excellence in Virtue or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To prove this, the paper is organized into four sections. In the first section, I will give the key passage, along with some textual context to give background details. In the second section, I will provide some relevant biographical/historical information about the author and the time period for when the text was written. In the third section, I will provide a detailed analysis meaning and arguments of my key passage and in the fourth section; I will explain the meaning of three passages that support the key passage of the paper. However, before we can move any further into this process, I will present my key passage on which this paper is based. key passage As long as I have breath and strength I will not give up philosophy and exhorting you and declaring the truth to every one of you whom I meet, saying as I am accustomed, ‘My good friend, you are a citizen of Athens, a city which is very great and very famous for its wisdom and power-are you not ashamed of caring so much for the making of money and for fame and prestige, when you neither think nor care about your wisdom and truth and the improvement of your soul? ’ If he disputes my words and says that he does are about these things I shall not at once release him and go away: I shall question him and cross-examine him and test him. If I think that he has not attained excellence, though he says that he has, I shall reproach him for undervaluing the most valuable things, and overvaluing those things that are less valuable. This I shall do to everyone whom I meet, young or old, citizen or stranger, but especially to citizens, since they are more closely related to me. This, you must recognize, the god has commanded me to do. And I think that no greater good has ever befallen you in the state than my service to the god. For I spend my whole life in going about and persuading you all to give your first and greatest care to the improvement of your souls, and not till you have done that to think of your bodies or your wealth. And I tell you that wealth does not bring excellence, but that wealth and every other good thing which men have, whether in public or in private, come from excellence. † (Baird amp; Kaufmann 29-30) In this passage Socrates is our speaker and he is presenting his defense against the charges that have been brought against him by Meletus, Anytus, and Lycon. The charges they have brought against Socrates are for corrupting the youth and worshipping gods other than the ones all other Athenians worshipped at that time in Ancient Greece. This passage is one of many times that Socrates brings to light the fact that what he has been doing by going around questioning people about their beliefs is commanded by the gods and that he should not be put to death for doing what has been asked of him. Socrates presents many times that what he is doing in trying to get people to not just question what they believe, but to work on the improvement of their souls. He believes and so states in the passage that wealth and fame do not bring excellence to a person’s life, but you become a better person first by improving your soul and that is actually where excellence can be found. Once a person has done this then they can concern themselves with other matters. Stating that you first turn your attention inward and then outward to the larger society could sum up the general message of Socrates. While he does not explicitly say this one could reasonably interpret from Socrates defense that he believes the reason for the charges that have been brought up against him are due to a lack of understanding by the Athenian public of his mission and purpose as well as the authority he has to do it. This is what he is attempting to do in this passage, explain what he has been doing and that the god of all Athenians commanded him to do this work and that he has done nothing wrong. historical/biographical information Though Socrates ran no formal school, one can find in any number of books on Plato, that he was a student of Socrates in Ancient Greece. According to Baird and Kaufmann Plato probably first began following Socrates sometimes in his twenties, though one cannot be sure of the exact date (4). The Apology, along with Crito, are just a number of texts written by Plato on the teachings and beliefs held by Socrates. â€Å"The Apology is generally regarded as one of Plato’s first and as eminently faithful to what Socrates said at his trial on charges of impiety and corruption of the youth† (Baird amp; Kaufmann 5). The time of Socrates trial was around 399 B. C. in Athens, Greece and â€Å"many contemporary scholars maintain that Plato’s Apology was writing within the first two to three years following Socrates’ trial and execution† (Brickhouse amp; Smith 1). The charges against Socrates were corruption of the youth and worshipping some other god rather than the ones commonly held to be believed in by other Athenians. It is important to note as reported by Brickhouse and Smith that, â€Å"Athens had only just concluded the Peloponnesian War. The effects of the war had been disastrous on her economy; factions blamed each other for her defeats, and suspicion and power-mongering were rife† (19). By this very fact they were looking for someone to blame for their problems and Socrates was an excellent choice. It should come as no surprise â€Å"that Athenians looked for the guilty among thinkers like Socrates. After all, by their very nature and regardless of their particular persuasions, such intellectual challenge established wisdom and tradition† (Brickhouse amp; Smith 19). Then the charges brought against Socrates and his trial were a course of action that the Athenians could see nothing wrong with at that time. Socrates was definitely a man before his time. Socrates was placed on trial for the questioning he did of others because he was pushing people in their long-held beliefs, which probably gave rise to fear. Even though Socrates felt justified in his actions many did not hold that same theory. In fact, May states, â€Å"most people would be quite irritated if someone criticized their moral beliefs. Imagine conversing with someone who continually pointed out the weakness in your beliefs† (5). There are very few people that when pushed into why they believe what they do can generally come up with a concrete answer as to why they believe that way. In my opinion, much of what people believe in is based on tradition; either from your own family or culturally and many times occurs as a combination of both. Plato’s dialogues are perhaps a fair representation of Socrates’ teachings however, he does not give a consistent portrait of Socrates (May 20). May goes onto say that â€Å"character ‘Socrates’ is portrayed differently in some of Plato’s dialogues because in some of them. Plato is writing in order to chronicle the historical Socrates, whereas in others, Plato uses the character ‘Socrates’ as a mouthpiece of his own philosophical position† (20). â€Å"Although Plato originally started to write his dialogues in order to chronicle the historical Socrates, he eventually started to write dialogues that were devoted to Plato’s actual philosophical views† (20). It was this writing that caused Plato to formulate his own views in an attempt to answer some of the questions that Socrates had posed along the way (May 20). Regardless of which Socrates is speaking the message however is the same in that excellence can be found in virtue over any other thing a person may possess. In addition, Socrates did not do any writing himself so all we have to go on is what Plato presented to us in his various texts. anaylsis In this passage, Socrates is telling the Athenian jury that he is innocent on the charges brought against him and why he is innocent. This passage is of extreme importance of understanding and interpreting Plato’s writings because it is a theme that is repeated throughout his works. Our character Socrates feels that people should be more concerned with the perfecting their souls more than anything else in their life. He believes that in his quest to help people find their way he is actually doing as the gods dictated. Socrates also states that the only reason his is wise is because he knows that the only thing he does know is that he does not know anything worth knowing (Brickhouse amp; Smith 129). In fact he so states in his defense when he says â€Å"I am wiser than this man; neither one of knows anything that is really worth knowing, but he thinks that he has knowledge when he has not, while I, having no knowledge, do no think that I have, I seem, at any rate, to be a little wiser than he is on this point: I do not know what I do not know† (Baird amp; Kaufmann 24). Socrates believes that it is really the gods that are wise and humans do not possess any wisdom. He believes that the best a human can do is to work on improving their souls and it is through this action that a person can achieve a life of excellence. In fact, in a later section of the Apology, Socrates even states, â€Å"an unexamined life is not worth living† (Baird amp; Kaufmann 34). That statement speaks to the true nature of Plato’s writings and how he wanted to impress upon others to live a better life. May even supports this idea when she states, â€Å"Socrates claims that the meaning of Apollo’s oracle that humans cannot possess wisdom. Remember, Socrates does not believe that even he possesses wisdom, as he believes that real wisdom is the property of God† (44). While taking into account the turbulent times of Athens one could easily understand why that anyone questioning â€Å"the establishment† would gain much notoriety and attention. While repeatedly Plato reports that Socrates felt he was doing gods work others were not as easily persuaded. Change is never welcomed by a society, because change means the known is questioned and people are stretched in ways they had not anticipated.

Spanking essays

Spanking essays Fifteen years ago, when I still lived in Vietnam many parents believe spanking is the only method to discipline a child. In today society, punish a child by spanking is no longer a right way to teach him/her. Spanking may cause many negative problems to a child for instance, spanking may lead to abusing a child, it may train a child to use violence act and communication problem between child and parents. Therefore alternative method should be use when you want to discipline a child. First of all, spanking children may lead to abusing them; spanking may become a standard response to any misbehavior. Many parents do not realize we hit children by anger, so much spanking can become abusing. Parents often repeat spanking whenever a child misbehaves and believe spanking a child is the only way to teach them a lesson to follow what they said. Parents dont realize theyre hurting their children physically and may permanently damage for life. Reasoning why in today society spanking is no longer an effective way for punishment. Spanking children may train them to use violence as a form of resolving problems. Hitting a child for punishment might make them think hitting is okay to use on their friends and family. In many cases negative effects grow through a childs life and even when they grown up, those negative problems might cause a person to abuse people around them. Many of these negative effects may never be correct for life. Children grown up in an abusive family will lightly abuse their own love one later on. Parents should never use spanking to solve problem with a child, this will train them to think its okay to use harsh punishment. Children may never tell their parents what happen in their life because the consequence that they might get spank. Spanking children may lead them to believe their parent doesnt love them because of the harsh punishment. Spanking a child only effect for the moment, in long term ...

The Many Uses of PBT Plastics

The Many Uses of PBT Plastics PBT, or polybutylene terephthalate, is a synthetic, semi-crystalline engineered thermoplastic with similar properties and composition to polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Its part of the polyester group of resins and shares characteristics with other thermoplastic polyesters. Its a high-performance material with high molecular weight and is often characterized as being a strong, stiff, and engineerable plastic. Color variations of PBT range from white to bright colors. Uses PBT is present in everyday life and common in electrical, electronic, and automotive components. PBT resin and PBT compound are the two types of products used in various applications. PBT compound comprises various materials that can include PBT resin, fiberglass filing, and additives, while PBT resin includes only the base resin. The material is often used in mineral or glass-filled grades. For use outdoors and where fire is a concern, additives are included to improve its UV and flammability properties. With these modifications, its possible for a PBT product to be used in numerous industrial applications. PBT resin is used to make PBT fiber as well as electronic parts, electrical parts, and auto parts. TV set accessories, motor covers, and motor brushes are examples of the uses of PBT compound. When reinforced, it can be used in switches, sockets, bobbins, and handles. The unfilled version of PBT is present in some brake cable liners and rods. When a material with high strength, good dimensional stability, resistance to various chemicals, and good insulation is needed, PBT is a preferred choice. The same is true when bearing and wear properties are determining factors. For these reasons, valves, food processing machinery components, wheels, and gears are made from PBT. Its application in food processing components is largely due to its low moisture absorption and its resistance to staining. It also doesnt absorb flavors. Advantages The major advantages of PBT are evident in its resistance to solvents and low shrinkage rate when forming. It also has good electrical resistance and because of its fast crystallization is easy to mold. It has excellent heat resistance up to 150 degrees Celcius and a melting point reaching 225 degrees Celcius. The addition of fibers enhances its mechanical and thermal properties, allowing it to withstand higher temperatures. Other notable advantages include: Excellent stain resistanceExcellent machining characteristicsHigh strengthToughnessExcellent stiffness-to-weight ratioResistance to environmental changesExcellent machining characteristicsBetter impact resistance than PETExcellent dimensional stabilityBlocks UV radiationHigh electrical insulation propertiesGood variety of grades available Disadvantages PBT has disadvantages that limit its application in some industries, including: Lower strength and rigidity than PETLower glass transition temperature than PETProne to warp when glass is used as a fillerDoesnt present satisfactory resistance to acids, bases, and hydrocarbons Future of PBT Demand for PBT has regained footing after the economic crisis in 2009 caused various industries to lower production of certain materials. With growing populations and innovations in the automotive, electrical, and electronics industries, the use of PBT will steadily increase. This is apparent in the automotive industry, given its increasing need for lighter, more resistant, low-maintenance, and cost-competitive materials. The use of engineer-grade plastics such as PBT will increase due to issues surrounding corrosion of metals and high costs to minimize that problem. Many designers looking for alternatives to metals are turning to plastic as the solution. A new grade of PBT that offers better results in laser welding has been developed, providing a new solution to welded parts. Asia-Pacific is the leader in the use of PBT, which hasnt changed even after the economic crisis.  In some Asian countries, PBT is mostly used in the electronic and electrical markets, while in North America, Japan, and Europe, PBT is mostly used in the automotive industry. Its believed that by 2020, consumption and production of PBT in Asia will considerably increase compared to Europe and the U.S. This prediction is reinforced by numerous foreign investments in the region and a need for materials at a lower production cost, which is not feasible in many Western countries.

Travel in South Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Travel in South Africa - Essay Example The country is characterized by world class infrastructure, friendly citizens as well as spectacular scenery. This sector received a major boost during the 2010 world cup when it received the highest number of visitors in history. There are various benefits associated with the industry in South Africa. Tourism and travel provides foreign exchange for the country. This gives the governments enough money to offset the foreign debts, allows the South African Rand to remain at par with the US dollar. It also allows the government to pay its employees (Walker and Keith 15). This means that governments have money that is dedicated towards constructive projects such as education, infrastructure as well as health care. The South African citizens that go for shopping sprees abroad have the money to buy goods and services as long as the foreign currencies are readily available in the economy (Walker and Keith 22). Finally, tourism and travel facilitates exportation of goods into the country. Tourism and travel leads to the direct and indirect creation of jobs. When tourists visit the country, it leads to job creation for jewelry trades, drivers and vendors that are directly involved in the sector (Walker and Keith 33). Tourism and travel also has an indirect impacts on landlords and other traders. The sector plays a key role in ensuring job creation in the hotel and entertainment industries. As earlier stated the tourism and travel sector employs one out of every twelve individuals in the economy. The tourism sector contributes towards infrastructure development as the government works towards developing roads, electricity and communication networks in the country to attract tourists. This results into an infrastructure improvement in the country (Walker and Keith 67). The tourist and travel sector results into cultural preservation through economic and cultural incentives. Finally, it results

Ethics, Norms and Practices that influence the behavior of Journalists Coursework

Ethics, Norms and Practices that influence the behavior of Journalists today in reference to the phone hacking scandal at the now defunct News of the World newspaper - Coursework Example It acts as application and assessment of the principles and customs that guide journalism practice, with exceptional consideration to the main problems in the field. Journalism ethics and norms contain both practical analysis and theory. In the scrutiny of cases, journalism principles may possibly appeal to theoretical matters, such as the temperament of ethical contention (Theaker and  Yaxley 2012). Phone hacking outrage at the present defunct News of the World newspaper is the ongoing controversy that involves defunct news of the world and the British news paper that are being published by the news international. The news international is a subsidiary of the news corporation (Theaker and  Yaxley 2012). The staff of the newspaper were blamed of engaging in  phone hacking,  police bribery, and exercising inappropriate influence in tracking down of publishing accounts. Investigations conducted from 2005 concluded that phone hacking tricks were mostly restricted to famous perso ns, politicians and members of the  British Royal Family. The outcome of the phone hacking originating with the  News of the World raises wider questions about the ethics engaged by businesses under Murdoch's possession, as well as the effects the outrage will encompass on the morals employed particularly by print journalists and to a little degree the wider world of journalism (Theaker and  Yaxley 2012). Murdoch had beforehand been condemned for building a media domain that lacked any ethical foundation and replacing dependable journalism with hearsay, sensationalism, and manufactured debate. Grossman, a certain professor of journalism at  one of the State University of New York lay blame on Murdoch of building a dishonest, deceitful and corrupt media realm in history and also... Journalism has gone through many transformations, since the set up of the Internet era, and the employ of intelligent phones and videos to file news as it takes place. At the same time as the financial shape of newspapers remains in question, journalists must accept the Internet and hang about at the critical edge of expertise in order to advance their occupation and convey accurate news. Journalism schools are altering the mode they advance story-telling, with the increase of digital media. It is essential to make use of technology as an aid to moral, grammatical and efficient journalism. The News of the World outrage was one of the most disreputable privacy violations of the digital tracking period. The mobile devices we have come to depend on spray tracking data around similar to so lots of digital bread specks. That being the case, there will for all time be a tough temptation for those who value this information to grasp at it with no regard to an individual’s privacy or security. Every one of us has the liability to guard private information. Those, Such as the Metropolitan Police, who have the influence to either guard or invade individual privacy, must do so devoid of compromise.

Black People and African American Actors Essay Example for Free

Black People and African American Actors Essay Stereotyping is the automatic/ exaggerated mental pictures that people hold about a particular racial group without taking individual differences into consideration. Examples of stereotyping would be the main characters of the movie Rio2, Jewel and Blue being voiced by white actors whilst their ‘wild’ relatives are voiced by ‘non-white’ actors implying sophistication as well as in the movie Despicable Me 2 where El Macho and his son are given a Spanish image portraying a smooth talker and an irresistible lover that is often stereotypes about Spanish people. [87] People seem oblivious to the racial content due to various distractions like visual stimuli such as 3D effects and the contrasting use of color, sound effects such as surround sound and the voices of the character and lastly the plot of the story. Most people are over stimulated by these ‘distractions’ that they rarely notice the stereotyping. Another factor would be that parents neglect the responsibility to screen the movies that their children are watching. In some instances the stereotyping may be instilled in some parents from birth resulting in children seeing stereotyping as normal behavior. [96] Subtle racial prejudices towards Hispanic and Black people in Rio2 were the implication that ‘wild’ Amazonian Macaws voiced by ‘non- white ‘actors are uncivilized. Songs sung by these Macaws are primarily voiced by African American actors accompanied by rhythmic beats and movements with catchy phrases primarily found in native song and dance. Roberto (wild Macaw) is voiced by the singer Bruno Mars who is from a mixture of Jewish and Hawaiian decent implying (help with that word). Pedro and Nico two rapping, gangster, music loving birds are voiced by two equally successful and famous rappers Will.I.Am and Jamie Foxx [99] From this passage I can conclude that even though warnings about stereotyping may be placed before animation movies, many parents would still allow their children to watch it. [31]

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer - Truth and Tom Sawyer :: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer - Truth and Tom Sawyer    â€Å"The road to truth is long, and lined the whole way with annoying bastards.† Alexander Jablokov The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, by Mark Twain, has many themes; one theme is the importance of truth in society.   A Society is inevitable. It will always be there as a pleasure and a burden. Society expects, or perhaps demands, certain behavior from the individual.   If one wishes to enjoy the pleasures of society then one must play by society’s rules.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tom Sawyer, THE MAIN CHARACTER, is an imaginative young man who sometimes allows his imagination and high-spirit TO get in the way of telling the truth.  Ã‚   Tom is very adventurous; he never passes up a chance to play pirates, robbers, or soldiers. We are introduced to Tom, when he is climbing in his window after a long night of cavorting with his friends. Soon after this, Tom meets Huckleberry Fin. Huck is a social outcast who likes to live by his own terms.   Tom and Huck become good friends.   One night the two boys go to the graveyard AND while they are there they witness the murder of the town doctor, Mr. Robinson. The boys watched as Injun Joe kills the doctor and frames a drunk by the name of Muff Potter, who happens to be IN the wrong place at the wrong time. The boys swear never to speak of THE MURDER again. Later, Tom falls in love with his new neighbor, Becky Thatcher. Eventually the two become engaged, but the engagement falls through when Tom accidentally mentions his former love while talking with Becky. The two feud and do not speak. Meanwhile, the whole town is gossiping of the murder of Dr. Robinson and the prosecution of Muff Potter. A trail quickly forms and Muff is put on the stand.   Tom cannot allow the innocent Muff TO go to jail.   As the trial comes to a close, Tom testifies and indicates the guilt of Injun Joe.   When the trial ends, the manhunt for Injun Joe begins AND Tom is treated like a hero.Tom feels guilty knowing he broke a sacred oath with Huck. Becky and Tom soon become friends again after Tom takes Becky’s punishment at school for being careless with the teacher’s things.

Bones Restaurant

One wall Is covered entirely by a mirror, Glenn the appearance that the addling room is a lot larger than it actually Is. There are photographs hanging on the other walls of celebrities like Bob Hope, Being Crosby, and Danny Okay, and other famous people like President George Bush, and President Ronald Reagan all of which have dined there. Although there is a tie requirement, the other dcord is not so much as to make someone feel uncomfortable. It is rather ranch style, with Bull horn, and Mason Jar chandeliers, and rustic wood furniture.The menu has a diverse selection from pasta, chicken, lamb, pork, and of course what they are known for, the steaks and seafood. We decided to get two totally different options so that we could sample more of the menu. Sara decided on the Grilled Swordfish with braised Swiss chard. The Swordfish steak was a 1402. Steak, which is a large piece offish, and it was undoubtedly flavors. The Swiss chard, a green leafy vegetable, which was cooked in the oil s of the Swordfish, Sara said was also delightfully tasteful. I am not one for vegetable of that nature so I did not try it myself.I ordered the Dry Aged Bone-Len Rib Eye, served with fresh steamed Asparagus. The Steak itself I can see why it has gotten such great ratings from food critics, it was cooked perfectly, and was pull apart with a fork tender. It had tons of natural flavors, along with the spices that they had rubbed on it before its final preparation. Although the prices may be a little rich, I believe that it is well worth it considering the flavor, the quantity, and quality of the food that you do receive. This brings me to the people at Bone's Restaurant.As said before, as soon as you walk wrought the doors, you are greeted by smelling faces, and friendly attitudes. A reservation is a must so wait time is almost nothing. And the quality of Dana, the server that we had this wonderful evening was absolutely fantastic. Dana was friendly, helpful, and her knowledge of the menu was impeccable. But not only was she great, everyone that walked by inquired and made sure that we were doing okay. The General Manager Emilee also came by to make sure everything was great. Both Male Ana Dana were very personable, Ana easy to talk to.Male even suggested places to go, and see after she found out that we were new to Atlanta. Our overall experience with Bone's Restaurant is something that could be called awesome. It was definitely worth the three week wait list for reservations that we had to wait, and we even already have our name down for a future visit in September. Sara and I would recommend this establishment to anyone, and everyone that is planning to go to Atlanta. Bone's Restaurant is one of the greatest dining establishments that we have ever been to.

Memo Performance Management Essay

Hi Marylee, having found our recommendations for the compensation and benefits strategy satisfactory to Clapton Commercial Construction’s needs I will next outline a performance management plan. â€Å"Performance management (PM) includes activities which ensure that goals are consistently being met in an effective and efficient manner.† (â€Å"Performance Mangement,† 2013, para. 1). According to â€Å"My Strategic Plan† (2012), â€Å"Performance Management is also known as a process by which organizations align their resources, systems and employees to strategic objectives and priorities†(Glossary). The performance management system is part of the companies strategic plan in achieving the goals set forth each year. There has to be an ongoing communication process with the managers and the employees throughout the year as part of the performance management plan. Below are actions that are part of the performance management system. (â€Å"Performance Management – Meaning, System And Process†, 2013). ââ€" ª Developing clear job descriptions and employee performance plans which includes the key result areas (KRA’) and performance indicators. ââ€" ª Selection of right set of people by implementing an appropriate selection process. ââ€" ª Negotiating requirements and performance standards for measuring the outcome and overall productivity against the predefined benchmarks. ââ€" ª Providing continuous coaching and feedback during the period of delivery of performance. ââ€" ª Identifying the training and development needs by measuring the outcomes achieved against the set  standards and implementing effective development programs for improvement. ââ€" ª Holding quarterly performance development discussions and evaluating employee performance on the basis of performance plans. ââ€" ª Designing effective compensation and reward systems for recognizing those employees who excel in their jobs by achieving the set standards in accordance with the performance plans or rather exceed the performance benchmarks. ââ€" ª Providing promotional/career development support and guidance to the employees. ââ€" ª Performing exit interviews for understanding the cause of employee discontentment and thereafter exit from an organization. Effectively implementing a performance management system benefits the organization, manager, and employee in several ways. Your company will benefit with employee retention and loyalty, improved productivity, which will result in cost savings. The manager benefits are saving time, reducing conflicts, ensuring efficiency and consistency in performance. The employee has clear expectations of the job and clearly defined career paths. Providing open and transparent feedback will have a positive influence on job satisfaction and loyalty. (Managementstudyguide, 2013). After implementing the performance management system in order for it to be effective the employees have to understand their roles and importance to achieving the goals set forth. Making the employee aware of the goals and having a performance metric and job description in writing is the role of each manager to go over with the employee prior to started any job. The managers will go over the in detail the key result areas with the employee and set up a reward package if the goals are exceeded in these areas. Benchmarking is a method that can be used to measure performance metrics. In the commercial construction field quality, time and cost are very important dimensions measured against best practices and other companies in the business. Benchmarking will be invaluable to the success of the Clapton Commercial Construction. Benchmarking is a method to evaluate the performance, and will show the strengths and weaknesses within the company. Benchmarking will ensure the Clapton Commercial Construction can keep job costs, cycle times, and productivity within the industry averages. It will give you the data necessary to see the areas that additional training is  necessary. The managers will be responsible to get the employees the proper on the job training to be the most productive while keeping costs down. The performance appraisal component of the performance management system is where the manager will twice a year evaluate the employee’s performance. The manager will do a mid -year PE to determine areas of improvement needed to achieve or exceed the goals and deadlines set forth. For the employees which fail to meet or exceed expectations based on the performance metric set forth at the beginning of the year can be put on a performance improvement plan (PIP). This plan will set expectations and guidance for the employee to follow to help meet expectations by the end of the year. The final PE of the year will determine if the employee qualifies for a salary increase and bonus and how much it is. If the employee was put on a PIP and improved in the key areas and meet expectations set forth he/she will also be eligible for a salary increase and a bonus. The performance management system is an important component of the organizational strategic plan for measuring and analyzing data to measure the performance of the company. It requires the cooperation and support of all employees, especially upper management to be successful. The performance management is proactive system for managing the individual and organization to achieve desired results. (â€Å"Performance Management – Meaning, System And Process†, 2013). References Benchmarking. (2013). Retrieved from http://Wikipedia. (2013). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benchmarking Managementstudyguide. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.managementstudyguide.com/benefits-of-performance-management-system.htm My Strategic Plan. (2012). Retrieved from http://mystrategicplan.com/resources/section/glossary/ Performance Management – Meaning, System and Process. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.managementstudyguide.com/performance-management.htm Performance Mangement. (2013, Septmeber). WIKIPEDIA, (), . Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_management

Benedict Arnold essays

Benedict Arnold essays No other American is remembered quite the same as Benedict Arnold. He was a brave soldier, a patriot- and a traitor. Benedict was born in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. When he was 14 years old, Benedict ran away from home to fight in the French and Indian War, but he was brought back by his mother, who apparently was driven insane later in her life. If I had a son like Benedict, I might have gone insane too! After his mother insisted that he return home, he ran away for a second time. After he was finished playing boy hero for awhile, he learned the apothecary (pharmacy) trade and then in 1762, he opened a book and drug store in New Haven. Benedict was also involved with trade in the West Indies. By 1774, he was one of the wealthiest citizens in New Haven. It's a good thing that he had money, because he was one of those people who like to ride around in their Mercedes and wear expensive clothes, even if he couldn't afford them. Benedict then got hooked up with the sheriff's daughter Margaret Mansfield, and they hit it off. They decided to get married in 1774. But this marriage was short lived because the next year Margaret caught a disease and died. When the Revolutionary War began that year Arnold was already an experienced soldier. He had helped Ethan Allen capture Fort Ticonderoga. Then Benedict came up with a great idea to capture Quebec. This idea failed, but Benedict had already proven his bravery. He was then commissioned as a colonel in the patriot forces. He was one of General George Washington's most trusted officers. Benedict led his troops to the siege of Boston and Valcour Island and proved once again to be a bold and skilled officer. At the battle of Valcour Island he was wounded severely in his leg. His bravery won him the respect of many people. He was promoted to the rank of brigadier general. Arnold felt that his services were...

Why You Shouldnt Use a Period When Text Messaging

Why You Shouldnt Use a Period When Text Messaging Have you ever ended up in a spat with someone after a text message conversation went awry? Has anyone ever accused your messages of being rude or insincere? This may sound a bit crazy, but a study found that using a period to end a texted sentence could be the problem. A team of psychologists at Binghamton University in New York conducted a study among the schools students and found that text message responses to questions that ended with a period were perceived as less sincere than those that did not. The study titled  Texting Insincerely: The Role of the Period in Text Messaging was published in  Computers in Human Behavior  in December 2015, and was led by  Associate Professor of Psychology Celia Klin. Previous studies and your own daily observations show that  most people do not include periods at the end of final sentences in text messages, even when they include them in the sentences that precede them. Klin and her team suggest that this occurs because  the rapid back-and-forth exchange enabled by texting resembles talking, so our use of the medium is closer to how we speak to each other than to how we write with each other. This means that when people communicate by text message they must use other methods to include the social cues that are included by default in spoken conversations, like  tone, physical gestures, facial and eye expressions, and the pauses we take between our words. (In sociology, we use the symbolic interaction perspective to analyze all the ways our daily interactions are loaded with communicated meaning.) There are many ways that we add these social cues to our textual conversations. Most obvious among them are emojis, which have become such a common part of our daily communicative lives that Oxford English Dictionary named the Face with Tears of Joy emoji as its 2015 word of the year. But of course, we also use punctuation like asterisks and exclamation points to add emotional and social cues to our texted conversations. Repeating letters to add emphasis to a word, like sooooooo tired, is also commonly used to the same effect.​ Klin and her team suggest that these elements add pragmatic and social information to the literal meaning of typed words, and so have become useful and important elements of conversation in our digitized, twenty-first-century lives. But a period at the end of a final sentence stands alone. In the context of texting, other linguistic researchers have  suggested that the period reads as finalas shutting down a conversationand that it is more commonly used at the end of a sentence that is meant to convey unhappiness, anger, or frustration. But Klin and her team wondered if this was really the case, and so they conducted a study to test this theory. Klin and her team had 126 students at their university rate the sincerity of a variety of exchanges,  presented as images of text messages on mobile phones. In each exchange, the first message contained a statement and a question, and the response contained an answer to the question. The researchers tested each set of messages with a response that ended with a period, and with one that did not.  One example  read, Dave gave me his extra tickets. Wanna come? followed by a response of Surepunctuated with a period in some instances, and not in others. The study also contained twelve other exchanges using different forms of punctuation, so as to not lead participants on to the intent of the study. Participants rated the exchanges from very insincere (1) to very sincere (7). The results show that people find final sentences that end with a period to be less sincere than those that are ended without punctuation (3.85 on the scale of 1-7, versus 4.06). Klin and her team observed that the period has taken on a particular pragmatic and social meaning in texting because its use is optional in this form of communication. That participants in the study did not rate use of the period as indicating a less sincere handwritten message seems to back this up. Our interpretation of the period as signaling a not entirely sincere message is unique to texting. Of course, these findings do not suggest that people are using periods intentionally to make the meaning of their messages less sincere. But regardless of intent, receivers of such messages are interpreting them that way. Consider that during an in-person conversation, a similar lack of sincerity might be communicated by not looking up from a task or other object of focus while responding to a question. Such behavior signals a lack of interest in or engagement with the person asking the question. In the context of texting, the use of a period has taken on a similar meaning. So if you want to ensure that your messages are received and understood with the level of sincerity you intend, leave the period off the final sentence. You might even consider upping the sincerity ante with an exclamation point. Grammar experts are likely to disagree with this recommendation, but its us social scientists who are more adept at understanding the shifting dynamics of interaction and communication. You can trust us on this, sincerely.

The Research Report for the Teenagers' View on Sex Essay

The Research Report for the Teenagers' View on Sex - Essay Example Research question: The fundamental research questions guiding this study are: "What are the essential views of a teenager regarding sex" "What do such views of a teenager signify with regard to his particular life stage" Aims of study: The focal point of the study has been an investigation on a teenager's views on sex. The study also covers an analysis of the various developmental needs of a teenager, especially relating to his sexual needs. The study also investigates the characteristics of a teenager's life as suggested primarily by his views on sex. This reflective analysis of the attitudes of teenagers on the question of sex calls for a mixed methodology incorporating both qualitative and quantitative research, aiming at establishing the fundamental views of teenagers. Literature review provides another most essential tool for the investigative purposes. The scope for an extensive sampling and data collection is limited in this sort study. Therefore, the main focus will be a discussion on the topic with regard to the review of literature. Sex has been one of the subtlest issues of discussion among the teenagers, and the lack of proper sex education among teenagers is evident in several cases. The distorted and disinterested attitudes of the adults and teachers regarding sex education of the teenagers are especially reflected in their understanding of sex. Through seminal researches and interviews with teenagers, found that "most of the teenagers had never had a single serious, factual discussion about sex with any adult, including parents." (Adelman 1992. P. 15). According to him, the basic issue with regard to teenager's attitudes of sex has been the result of the lack of sex education and the prevailing traditional views on sex. "The results of poor education, ignorance, and conservative ideas about sexuality have been appalling." (Adelman 1992. P. 15). It is obvious fact to every parent that the teenage years are all but an easy time. There are several issues concerning teenagers which become the hallmarks of ever y family's discussions and they include dating, driving, and drinking etc. The 'do's and don'ts' of proper behaviour as well as decorum lie beneath a teenager's every move. "Parents fret that they have not done enough to ensure their child's growth and success; teachers worry that they are not preparing their students for their next grade or career move; and teenagers agonize over every step because, for them, every step is their first step." (Kaplan 1999. P. Xviii). Sexual perceptions of the teenagers are the central factor which indicates the developments of the individuals through adolescence. It is of paramount consideration that young people, by the time they reach adolescence, have acquired sexual attitudes, values, and behaviours, and they are picked up by the stereotypes of gender. A teenage girl tends to believe that she needs to fit in with what their sexual counterparts require in the way of feminine image, and, thus, she considers romancing and being in love are significant to her life. Similarly, teenage boys take on a competitive masculine style and they consider risk taking as part of 'being man'. In their teenage

NY Times Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

NY Times - Case Study Example The New York Times suffered a 3% decline in the total revenues. This was attributed to the evolving nature of journalism into new media and the uneven economic conditions that prevail all over the world (The New York Time Company, 2012). The share prices of the company has also fallen down 23% during the last three months and closed at $6.20 on April 16, 2012 (Science, 2012). This is attributed to the fact that advertising revenues have plummeted along with the readership of print based newspapers (Kirchhoff, 2010). The New York Times faces a wide range of competitors from different fronts. In the case of print publications, NY Times and The Globe face competition from The Wall Street Journal, USA Today, The Economist, and The Financial Times. On the online front, the company faces competition from Google News, Yahoo! News, CNN.com, MSNBC.com, Guardian.co.uk, bbc.co.uk, CNet, iVillage and countless others. Recently New York Times, in order to face this challenge has come up with a strategy whereby they intend to diversify their revenues into the digital medium and gaining cost efficiency in all areas. In the print medium, New York Times has cut down the paper size by reducing the width of the paper by 1.5 inches (Press Gazette, 2007). The strategy is also focused on using the strong brand appeal of the company to increase circulation reviews. The last dimension of the strategy is to manage the asset portfolio in such a way that it assists the core operations of the company and also ensures a strong digital presence (The New York Times Company, 2012b). Understanding the changing media and journalism landscape, New York Times Company went through a variety of changes. They limited their online article access to twenty articles per month for normal users and provided unlimited access to digital and print subscribers only. In order to keep the brand recognizable within the web, the company

Hypothetical Family Health Promotion Assessment Essay

Hypothetical Family Health Promotion Assessment - Essay Example While some families may consist of the standard two-parent home, there are a numerous amount of ways in which families are organized and in which social groups they exist. The modern nurse must be sensitive to these unusual circumstances and adjust one’s attitude accordingly, being careful not to place judgment upon clients who need nursing services. According to Bomar (2004), â€Å"During the past two decades, the evolution of family nursing assessment in nursing theory, practice, education, and research has been observed and documented in the nursing literature† (pp. 275). Nurses must be sensitive also to the fact that various ages, races, ethnicities, and other demographics of people may not fit perceived stereotypes, or that their lives’ paths vary significantly from what is considered socially appropriate or aesthetically pleasant. Some people live in abject poverty while other patients may be quite rich—and it is important for the nurse to understand that she must treat all of her patients with the same amount of dignity and care as she would anyone else. This is especially true of the Morrison family as evidenced in Mary Lawson’s book Crow Lake. Katie is definitely not the typical caregiver, as she is an young adult herself and learning how to take care of a young sister who is less than five years old. Katie is one of the focal points of the book, a scientist who struggles with the issues that surround being impoverished, but, at the same time juggling responsibilities while aspiring to a better life. The FFAM is, according to Stanhope and Lancaster (2006), â€Å"[o]ne family assessment model and approach developed by a nurse†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pp. 335). The FFAM is able to assess various family issues that are of concern to the nurse in his or her chosen profession. Obviously, in any family there are immediate telltale signs of problems. The most obvious sign of some problem is physical abuse, although, the problems to b e discussed here are more internal, invisible, intangible problems which can have effects on patients. Although one can’t see a bruise, indeed, the individual is injured, albeit in his or her psyche. It is the emotional pain that can also scar a patient irrevocably for life, and this is what the nurse seeks to diagnose in order so that he or she can assuage the patient’s fears and continue to pursue a plan that will plot a course of treatment appropriate for the patient. Affective Involvement is the first aspect that I would think would be very key in assessing the Morrison family’s situation. The family’s young ones are taught not to express themselves overtly in a strong manner. Says Lawson (2003), â€Å"Understatement was the rule in our house. Emotions, even positive ones, were kept firmly under control† (pp. 9). Most relevant for promoting the Morrison family’s health in this category comes under the concern of the young people basicall y not being cared for in the ways they need to develop. For example, one very important concern is Katie’s younger sister Bo, who is a toddler. Toddlers need lots of love and affection from parents in order to develop properly, and without that kind of support, Bo will rely almost entirely upon her older sister as a mother figure, and upon her brothers Matt and Luke as father figures. However, since Luke at one point might go away to college, and Matt establishes his own family—only Luke remains once he decides that he is going to get a job to support the family instead, even though he

Human Factors in System Design

Human Factors in System Design This assignment highlights the human factors that are important to be considered in system design of a website. A justification, why the client would pay the mentioned amount is highlighted in this assignment. An evaluation of the usability specification of the chosen website www.best-electronics-ca.com has been discussed in details. Moreover, a critical evaluation of the site is also evaluated. The physical as well as the psychological factors are also addressed. Justification of the cost incurred The cost incurred for the evaluation of the website is  £650 per day. In order to evaluate the website, the easy of navigation needs to be evaluated. Moreover, the attractiveness of the design needs to be considered. The ease of use as well as the efficiency of the interface is also to be measured. The attractiveness of the interface has to be evaluated as well. Thus the cost estimated is justified (Ashraf and Thongpapanl 2015). Moreover, the usability goals of the website have to be measured along with the planning of the website. Thus, the usability specification needs to be evaluated using high or low fidelity prototyping techniques such as storyboard. The interface design principles are to be evaluated. Hence the incurred cost is well justified. Moreover, the website needs to be reconsidered and the design and ease of use needs to be revised. Hence, this project is an essential one (Bilgihan and Bujisic 2015). The maintenance cost and the labor costs are also considered. This w ould increase the productivity of the company and in the long run would reduce the maintenance cost and save time, with the ease of use. Critical analysis and evaluation of the website The given website is evaluated against the various aspects of an ideal website. These are as follows: Navigation: The navigation of a website is an important factor. In the chosen website, the navigation is very poor (Ashraf and Thongpapanl 2015). The contents of the website overcrowd the navigation buttons and the user would find it difficult to navigate easily from one functionality to the other. Attractiveness of the design: The design of the website is very poor and low graded. The website is not visually soothing to the user, as there are not images or pictorial representations. The design is not at all attractive, since the users do not find it easy to use the website (Bilgihan and Bujisic 2015). Ease of use: The ease of use of the website is not good, since the users would get confused with the contents and the navigations. Moreover, the navigation buttons are lost inside the contents of the website. Thus, the ease of use is very poor. Efficiency of the interface: The interface is not at all easy to use. There is no specific panel for the navigation buttons. Moreover, no pictorial representation and no user assistance button is available. Clarity of the interface: The interface is not clear. The text is not formatted well, and hence is not visually appealing. Moreover the interface lacks clarity. Users would take a lot of time to locate the navigation buttons, among the contents of the website. Content: The content is relevant and useful. However, the font size and style are not consistent. Call to action: Call to action refers to the words or set of words that helps the visitors to take immediate actions. This feature is unavailable in the evaluated website. The users do not have any scope to opt for the call to action (Ashraf and Thongpapanl 2015). Usability goals These include the expectations of a user while using a website. The specifications of the usability goals are as follows: Accessibility: This refers to the evaluation of a website on the basis of how well the navigation options are separated from the content of the website. Moreover, the structural setting of the website also determines the accessibility of the website (Hood et al. 2015). This website is not easily assessable, since the navigation options are not separated from the contents of the website. Security: The security of the website is an essential feature. The security of the website is not strong since it could be easily hacked. Now level: With the wide use of mobile phones, the websites require to be easily accessible using mobile phones. Since, the website itself is very clumsy in the desktop version; hence, using its mobile site would be clumber some for the users (Johnson 2013). The planned and minimum levels of acceptance: The minimum level of acceptance is quiet low for the evaluated website. Other conditions to be taken into account: The users need to be well versed in the computer since the website is not easy to use and the users need to be an expert in order to use the website. Evaluation of the website Specifications Expected Outcome Actual Outcome Navigation Easily navigable Not easily navigable Design Appealing to the user Notappealing to the user User interface Good and efficient Poor and inefficient Distinct Yes No Consistent Yes No Interactive Highly interactive to the users responses Not at all interactive Structured Well structured Not well structured Clickable Easily redirected to the desirable pages, on click Not easily redirected to the desired pages, on click Visual effects Attractive visual effects No visual effects at all Key human factors essential for website design While designing a website, there are various human factors that needs to be considered are as follows: 1. Recognition not recall: The human brain is made to recognize various icons and features of a website and not recall. Hence, the website needs to be designed in a way that the human brain recognizes (Hood et al. 2015). The icons used in the website needs to be familiar, hence easily recognized. In the chosen website, the icons used are not easily recognized. 2. 7 seconds: It has been researched that a human brain needs seven seconds to see and make choices. Hence, the website should not provide a huge number of choices. This is fulfilled by the website, as there is hardly any choice available for the user. 3. Brain like patterns: There are certain kinds of patterns that helps the brain to work faster and response faster. Hence the website needs to be designed considering that (Hood et al. 2015). However, the chosen website is very clumsy and the user finds it difficult to recognize and respond (Bilgihan and Bujisic 2015). 4. Sounds or audio recognition: This is essential element of a website. Inclusion of sounds in a website might assist the user that he was unable to understand by simply reading the instructions (Lopatovska 2015). 5. Visual effects: Human brain tends to retain facts they see, for a longer time, than things they read. Hence, the navigation of the website and the users assistance could be provided using visual effects (Singh et al. 2016). These are some of the physical and psychological factors of human beings that need to be considered while designing a website. However, none of the above mentioned features have been included in the considered website. A storyboard is a graphic organizer that includes illustrations and images in a website. This is used for the purpose of pre-visualizing and motion pictures. This could be used efficiently by the website in order to incorporate visual effects in the website. It is recommended that the website needs to be redesigned following the guidelines of an ideal website. The navigation buttons needs to be placed in such a way that they are easily traceable and identified by the user (Ashraf and Thongpapanl 2015). Moreover, the font of the content needs to be structured and formatted, in order to enhance the quality of the website. It is also recommended that the website includes visual assistance and attractive user interface. The contents need to be arranged in a systematic way such that the users find it easy to read the contents (Ashraf and Thongpapanl 2015). The clarity of facts and consistent of the contents have to be incorporated as well. The overall presentation of the website needs to be improved, along with enhancement of the technical consistency of the website. The ease of use of the website has to be considered as well. The key human factors those are essential for a good website has to be incorporated. Finally, the security issues nee ds to be incorporated such that the details of the users are kept confidential. Thus, to conclude it might be stated that, the chosen website needs a lot of improvements such that it is easily used by the users. The ease of use of the website would improve the cost per click as well. The addition of motion pictures using the storyboard is also recommended. This would definitely enhance the quality of the website and become appealing to the users. References Ashraf, A. and Thongpapanl, N.T., 2015. Is More Information Content Always Good? Investigating the Impact of Website Interface Features on E-Retailers Sales Performance. In Marketing Dynamism Sustainability: Things Change, Things Stay the Sameà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (pp. 560-563). Springer International Publishing. Bilgihan, A. and Bujisic, M., 2015. The effect of website features in online relationship marketing: A case of online hotel booking. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 14(4), pp.222-232. Hood, K.M., Shanahan, K.J., Hopkins, C.D. and Lindsey, K.K., 2015. The influence of interactivity on visit and purchase frequency: the moderating role of website informational features. Journal of Internet Commerce, 14(3), pp.294-315. Johnson, J., 2013. Designing with the mind in mind: simple guide to understanding user interface design guidelines. Elsevier. Lopatovska, I., 2015. Museum website features, aesthetics, and visitors impressions: a case study of four museums. Museum Management and Curatorship, 30(3), pp.191-207. Singh, T., Malik, S. and Sarkar, D., 2016, April. E-commerce website quality assessment based on usability. In Computing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA), 2016 International Conference on (pp. 101-105). IEEE.

cakes making :: essays research papers

Sugar You have to handle sugar with care because can be dangerous. Also sugar can explode. At 315 degrees sugar should be clear. Sugar boils at 215 degrees. Corn syrup helps the sugar not to crystallize Dark Chocolate For dark chocolate the melting point is 118 degrees to 128 degrees White Chocolate For white chocolate the melting point is 100 degrees to 105 degrees, then you must take off the heat and whip. Types of meringue French: is plain egg whites and sugar. But this method is not for buttercream. Italian: is made with egg whites, sugar and water. The difference is that the water and sugar are cooked to 240 degrees, and then added into the whipped egg whites. Swiss: is made from egg whites and sugar. But the egg whites and egg are heated over a Water bath to 110 to 120 degrees, and then put in the machine to whip. If fresh egg whites are used, heat meringue to 150 degrees. 01/09/02 Chocolate: Should be never refrigerated, for chocolate moose you should heat the chocolate to 150 degrees. Chocolate can be good up to one year, and should be stored at 50 to 70 degrees. In order to temper chocolate you must first cut the chocolate in thin slices. For European chocolate the heating temperature is 120 degrees maximum, but you should always read the package. All chocolate is made different. Tempering is to melt all the crystals and ingredients in the chocolate to the right temperature. There are three methods. Tabling method: chocolate holds up to 60 days. Melt chocolate to 118 degrees. (American Chocolate) Pour to marble slab and chill to 84 to 85 degrees. Then you handle the chocolate with a scraper and a pallet knife. Then you reheat the chocolate to 105 degrees. Then you pour it on the marble slab and repeat the handling until it reaches between 85 and 87 degrees. Seeding method: Melt chocolate to the temperature of 118 degrees. You melt two pounds and you chop one pound on the side. After heating the two pounds on the stove to 118 degrees, you take off the stove and add the other pound and reheat until it is 85 to 87 degrees, and make sure all chocolate is melted and no lumps. Use this method for chocolate that will be used the same day. If you see white spots on a chocolate decoration, you can put the chocolate in the oven for two seconds, and they will disappear.

Comic books Essay

Comic books established themselves as an independent media in which story abides its own rules; progression of story follows by specific use of frames sequences and their composition. Judging by the structure of comic books and graphic novels we can see many similarities with other medias, like movies adaptations of comic books and just movie itself. However, we cannot deny distinctive differences of these two medias. Films have their own perception and flow of time and so do graphic novels. Both make an impact by using their own way of storytelling. But what media is better for telling stories when it comes to movie adaptations of comic books? For me idea to bring comic book story to big screen has its drawbacks and benefits. Beside obvious part of movie – sound, some movies benefit from original visual style of their source material, movies like Sin City, 300 and Dick Tracy, which makes them striking due to the film’s â€Å"moving image† feature. Or other way around, for example, when film director like Tim Burton applied his own visual style while producing Batman, which was supported by bizarre and eccentric characters like Joker and The Penguin and by Gotham itself. Same with Guillermo Del Toro and his adaptation of Hellboy. But my position is that comic book movies are not that sophisticated in comparis on with their original material, but only if consider that original material were stand alone graphic novels like â€Å"Watchmen†, â€Å"V is for Vendetta†, â€Å"Sin City† e.t.c. But at the same time, films based on mainstream pledge of comics industry like â€Å"X-men†, â€Å"Spider-man†, â€Å"Batman† and so on, in some cases, don’t really fall that far behind from their comic book versions. To show that we can examine several movies that were filmed based upon graphic novels and break them down by categories of what make comics to be â€Å"comics† and then compare. â€Å"Comics†¦juxtaposed pictorial and other images in deliberate sequence, intended to convey information and/or to produce an aesthetic response i the viewer† (Scott McCloud, â€Å"Understanding of comics†) Starting from obvious – comic books are collections of static images, therefore the way how reader perceives information depends on the way how comic book artist manipulate these visuals. In Scott McCloud’s book â€Å"Understanding of Comics† author tells us about how comic books use our understanding of events by executing specific transition of â€Å"frames† like scene to scene, action to action or aspect to aspect. We cannot also overlook â€Å"the graphic style† of a certain comic book, which also plays a major role in storytelling. In addition, â€Å"composition† of these two particularly taken elements is what holds all imagery together to create a specific narrative, on each page separately and jointly. Sin City is a very visual example, both on comic pages and on screen. Creators of this movie, including author of original Sin City (Frank Miller), captured the strongest feature of comic book – black and white imagery with some coloured elements, grotesque characters and, in some parts, shots were borrowed from comic book panels. â€Å"Some of the stills from the film look so much like frames of the comic book as to make no difference. And there’s a narration that plays like the captions at the top of the frame, setting the stage and expressing a stark existent ial world view.† (Roger Ebert) One of examples of it is scene where Marv kills priest in confessional booth, it was transferred frame by frame from comic book page. This scene, in my opinion, is the closest in representing comic book way of narrative in movie. Because sequence of original frames are â€Å"action to action† has almost similar pacing with movie, despite difference in executing them, when in comic book it is shown on one page and in movie it is a movement of frames. Sin City is a good example of a very well transferred material from one media to another, but mostly because material is much more stylised than, for example, Watchmen where style is used more as a supporting tool: â€Å"The actors are mined for the archetypes they contain; characters are rotated into a hyperdimension. We get not so much their presence as their essence; the movie is not about what the characters say or what they do, but about who they are in our wildest dreams.† (Roger Ebert) Visually movie does not inferior to original work, even though comic images look much bolder and it supports character’s design and make scenes look much more organic, when in movie you still see that actors are just actors and that is where audience has to use their suspension of disbelief: â€Å"a willingness to suspend one’s critical faculties and believe the unbelievable; sacrifice of realism and logic for the sake of enjoyment† (Samuel Taylor Coleridge) But we cannot say that Sin City is completely original work, it obviously borrows a lot of elements from older comic books, such as â€Å"The Spirit† or â€Å"Dick Tracy† and from films of 30-40’s. Element such â€Å"crawling shadows† was used intensively in many frames and added a lot to every scene were characters casted shadows on their surroundings. This shows that comics are not that different from movies, in terms of what they are showing to viewer, but form of comics media is what makes it unique and substantive: â€Å"each successive frame of a movie is projected on exactly the same space – the – screen – while each frame of comics must occupy a different space†¦space does for comics what time does for film!† (Scott McCloud) That being said, from example of Sin City we can say that graphical features are not that hard to reproduce in movie where stylisation is a major feature, same with frames. However, composition of the whole page works completely differently from films and that is where adaptations fail at reproducing comic books’ form. Another example of graphic novel adaptation is Watchmen created by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons. When Sin City is much more stylised story, Watchmen is much more about context and themes. As graphic novel it uses every opportunity that is given to it as comics media. One of the most interesting is composition of frames throughout the novel, Movie adaptation of Watchmen does not show given themes in the same way like original version does, simply because it doesn’t have this ability like â€Å"page composition†, and even if tried to use it might have ruined the form of film media. As an example, running theme of Rorschach’s mask, which changes its pattern constantly. Dave Gibbons and Alan Moore created layouts that are symmetrical and in the middle of the book you can find this symmetry as well, and not just randomly placed, but used in the scene where Rorschach is being interviewd by psychiatrist with Rorschach test. In movie, though, we could not see this additional narrative, despite film director’s (Zack Snyder) attempts to recreate other visuals of Rorschach’s theme, like some silhouettes of symmetrical images, mostly in scenes where characters die. Speaking of Rorschach’s mask in terms of representation in both versions: in comic book mask was changing, but due to media of comics, we could only see specific patterns, which were deliberately drawn as something straightforward to emphasise what character was going through, or just like vague patterns as audiences’ personal test, especially when Rorschach was facing towards reader in close ups. This ingenious way of creators to establish once again comic book’s media and their understanding of it proves that comic books form will always take advantages to use its’ own limitations for creating something very unique for its media. In movie version constant moving of pattern doesn’t let concentrate on it long enough before it replaces by another pattern. Although there is one pattern that can tell what is Rorschach’s mood is at that moment – scene Rorschach’s ambush by police forces. His mask creates crosses on his eyes which is effective but less original than ideas from comic book.